I DESIGN CHALLENGES
MINIMUM DEVELOPMENT & MAXIMUM EFFECT OF URBANISM
Generate diverse urban experiences and activities with the minimum urban development action. Invent effective design system which prevents the waste of land, natural resources and money. Use fully the potentials of existing urban fabrics and infrastructures and integrate them into new design.
SPACIOUSNESS & COZINESS
Maintain its panoramic spaciousness of the site with full of new values. Create human scale or coziness as vigorous and friendly urban lives. Balance the both characters in order to strengthen the spatial dynamism. Respect the senses that come from the experiences depend on our body movement.
TOPOGRAPHY & INFRASTRUCTURE
Design city and park as a new topography. The topography creates full of new episodes. Expand the meaning and function of infrastructure in more poetic ways so that the infrastructural form can be participated in urban topography.
SOFT RATHER THAN HARD
Introduce soft or porous materials which are sensitive to moisture and air. Apply soft assembly manners of local and traditional construction methods additionally to current one. Revitalize natural environmental cycles for example of water, air, sun and wildlife. Allow cultural and ecological diversity in stead of searching the perfection in the environmental control. Think of soft, elastic, accidental and open-ended urbanism rather than of hard, rigid, conclusive and narrow-ended one.
II DESIGN OPERATIVES
The followings are the design operatives for the goals;
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01 URBAN FINGERS 3 fingers of minimum urban area (required urban development of 100 ha and Convention Ctr District of 17ha) filled with maximum density 1.0FAR (except Conv. Ctr District). The shape holds various interfaces to the open space and the continuity to surrounding neighborhood. |
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02 URBAN CORRIDORS Linear or continuous open space and/or infrastructure mat of urban spine, terrace & ellipse loop. The focal structure of urban development, park and their infrastructural arrangement, integrated into the slow traffic and pedestrian movement. The designed corridors connect surrounding neighborhood, the new fields within the site and the coastal waterfront to support the public activities of the entire fields. |
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03 INTERNAL EDGES The new basically excavated topography of interior open spaces between urban fields and ocean. It compensates the topographical vacancy of ex-airport & Olympic event. It reduces the distance to the outer edge or ocean and creates the interiority and intensity as a park. |
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04 EXTERNAL EDGES The existing coastal park and new circle island. The edges will be integrated and participated into inner fields and raise the potential of outer edge. |
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05 SOFT & WET SURFACES Distribution of soft surfaces, water and greens. The conditions are realizing mainly by demolishing the existing hard surface in order to revitalize natural irrigation system and streams and to create new tidal wetland and circle pond. The circle island is created by replacing the soil from the internal edges. The place should be covered by the regional plant and sometimes by local stony textures. The surface conditions should not be decisively determined but be respectful of natural evolutionally process and ecological diversification to generate new genius loci as a sustainable park. |
III FIELDS
The definition of “CITY” degree would systematically characterize the following various field conditions between Urban Development and Park within the site. Urban Development and Park are discriminated at the “CITY” degree between 5 and 6.
MATRIX OF “CITY” Degree
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
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PARK |
URBAN DEVELOPMEBT |
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(WILD) |
RURAL |
SUBURBAN |
URBAN |
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RATIO OF HARD SURFACE less than 5% 30% 70% more than 80% |
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MAINTENANCE LEVEL Low High |
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION Low High |
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NATURAL PRESERVATION |
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ORIGINAL CONDITION OF HELLENIKON AIRPORT |
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ATHEN DOWNTWN
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WILDNESS |
GOLF COURSE, PARKING & INDUSTRIAL OPEN SPACE |
MODERN CITY |
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TOKYO NY MANHATTAN |
HONG KONG |
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“CITY” DEGREE |
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6 |
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10 |
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FIELD01: OFFICE PARK |
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16.7ha |
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FIELD02: COURT HOUSING BLOCK |
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27.7ha |
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FIELD03: TOWN CENTER |
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27.9ha |
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FIELD04: MIDRISE HOUSING BLOCK |
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9.5ha |
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FIELD05: HIGHRISE HOUSING BLOCK |
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18.2ha |
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URBAN DEVELOPMENT |
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100ha |
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FIELD06: CONV-EXH CTR & HOTEL DISTRICT |
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17.0ha |
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FIELD07: BOTANICAL GARDEN |
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85.1ha |
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FIELD08: EXERCISE GROUND |
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86.8ha |
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FIELD09: NATURAL WETLAND |
69.1ha |
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FIELD10: EDUCATIONAL PARK |
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15.3ha |
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FIELD11: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK |
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11.2ha |
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FIELD12: CULTURAL PARK |
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3.6ha |
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FIELD13: FOREST |
more than |
30.0ha |
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FIELD14: ISLAND |
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17.1ha |
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FIELD15: PARKING & DEPOT |
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30.0ha |
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PARK |
around 360ha |
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CORRIDOR01: URBAN SPINE |
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CORRIDOR02: RURAL SPINE |
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CORRIDOR03: URBAN TERRACE |
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CORRIDOR04: PRESERVED RUNWAY |
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CORRIDOR05: STREAM |
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CORRIDOR06: ELLIPSE LOOP |
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URBAN DEVELOPMENT, 100 ha with FAR 1.0 |
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FIELD01: OFFICE PARK “CITY” Degree 6 Size: 16.7ha FAR: 100% Use: Office & Commercial Building Type: Mid-Rise & 12 to 18 story Middle Tower Urban Design Language: Modern or Object in the park The urban development area locates @ North-East end of the site along Vouliagmenis Avenue adjacent to the new junction & intersection of Vouliagmenis and Alimou. The area provides mainly vehicular oriented commercial activity continuous to Vouliagmenis and Alimou Avenues but also supports the activity of pedestrian approached from the proximate existing metro station. |
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FIELD02: COURTYARD HOUSING BLOCK “CITY” Degree 7 Size: 27.7ha FAR: 100% Use: Residential Building Type: Less than 4th floor Courtyard Housing Urban Design Language: Traditional or Town&Street-Making The urban development area locates @ east area of the site. The block consists mainly of housing but should allow small retails and ancillary facilities. The street pattern is continuous to southern adjacent neighborhood. The street permits slow vehicular traffic and on-street parking. The design respects human scale and urban streetscape with the contrast to the surrounding spacious parks. |
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FIELD03: TOWN CENTER “CITY” Degree 8 Size: 27.9ha FAR: 100% Use: Mixed Building Type: Towers & Mid to Low-rises Urban Design Language: Mixture of Traditional & Modern The urban development area that maintains core urban activity of the entire site. The metro station is expected at the center of master plan in front of the preserved Saarinen’s terminal. While middle-scale urban fabrics are distributed through the field to attain the urban density, the middle towers are given the chance for the private commercial investment and activity. The field holds the spectacular view to the inner open spaces and to the outer ocean. |
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FIELD04: MIDRISE HOUSING BLOCK “CITY” Degree 6 Size: 9.5ha FAR100% Use: Residential Building Type: 6 to 8th story Urban Design Language: Modern or Object in the park The urban development area locates @ South end of the site, adjacent to Glyfada golf course and neighbor city @ East side. The area maintains quiet residential character and the accessibility to the seaside and the golf park. |
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FIELD05: HIGHRISE RESORT HOUSING BLOCK “CITY” Degree 6 Size: 18.2ha FAR: 100% Use: Resort Residential Building Type: 15 to 18th story Middle Tower Urban Design Language: Modern or Object in the park The urban development area locates @ South-East end of the site adjacent to the costal old piece of garden city. The place enjoys the highest proximity and view to the water. Because of the location, the towers are designed not to block the view and wind vista between the inner lands and sea. |
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PARK, 360ha |
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FIELD06: CONVENTION-EXHBITION CENTER & HOTEL DISTRICT “CITY” Degree 5 Size: 17.0 ha Convention-Exhibition Center: 51,000sqM Hotel : 20,000sqM Urban Design Language: Modern or Object in the park The district contains 3 major facilities, Convention-Exhibition Center, Hotel and preserved Airport terminal by Saarinen. The terminal is renovated as Visitor Center and Museum for Aerospace as a memory of Hellenikon airport. The convention-exhibition center consists mainly from large spanned sheltered exhibition hall and collective units of meeting rooms. The vehicular and pedestrian accesses are vertically separated @ the service level (of loading dock and parking) on the ground and @ the concourse level above. It sits the south corner of the memorial building in order to keep the window view to the ocean. This cleared area can be used for the entrance plaza of the convention center. The hotel is considered as the tallest building of the Hellenikon site and locates @ the North-East corner of district. The V-shaped plan entails the multiple views to the ocean, inner open spaces and large metal roof of convention center |
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FIELD07: BOTANICAL GARDEN “CITY” Degree 3 Size: 85.1 ha The area locates south side of the ellipse park. The area maintains the regional natural plant @ the relatively dry surface, the aquatic vegetation @ the circle pond and the foreign flora basically within the green house. One or several of the retained buildings of air hanger in the field would fit to the program with the renovation as the skeleton glass house because of the proportion of space. The rest of the retained buildings can be used as the support both for the staffs and the visitors. Inevitably, the field should be administrated by public sector. Especially for the local university, it can be considered as the good opportunity for fulfilling its research & educational purpose with the contribution to the community. |
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FIELD08: EXERCISE GROUND “CITY” Degree 4 Size: 86.8 ha The area of north side of the ellipse park including the retained Olympic SQ. and the waterfront along Poseidonos artery below grade. The retained hockey stadium and baseball stadium and slalom can maintain their original programs and open more to the public users. The large roofed space of air hanger can be refurbished to the gymnasium. The field is basically surfaced by lawn and meets the flexible sports or recreational activities. |
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FIELD09: NATURAL WETLAND “CITY” Degree 1.5 Size: 69.1ha The excavated sunken soft surface or basin to absorb and accumulate water. The topography starts from around @ EL. 24M the edge of Urban Terrace (CORRIDOR03), slopes radically down into below sea level and gently starts the slope again up to the west edge of Preserved Runway (CORRIDOR04), merging into the original topography. The basin is connected with ocean through excavated and regenerated Stream (CORRIDOR05) under sea level so that the influence of the tide appears within the wetland. Consequently, the condition that the water is mixed a little with seawater would be favor for the diverse costal wildlife especially, the aquatic and migratory birds. The field should be maintained as naturally as possible and creates the suitable situation both for educational & recreational activities. |
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FIELD10: EDUCATIONAL PARK “CITY” Degree 4 Size: 15.3ha The field provides the educational ground for the new community such as daycare, kindergarten, elementary school, high school and college or university campuses. Although some retained buildings can be used for the program, the new buildings should be allocated in a low dense condition. |
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FIELD 11: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK “CITY” Degree 3 Size: 11.2ha The area locates @ the existing waterfront park and maintains the several historical building and ancient wall. Archaeological or historical program is considered to be suitable within the site using the retained buildings |
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FIELD 12: CULTURAL PARK “CITY” Degree 3 Size: 3.6ha The area owns cultural facilities such as art museum in the forest. |
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FIELD 13: FOREST “CITY” Degree 2 Size: more than 30.0 ha The area is considered as the part of the botanical garden and surrounds the ellipse park and wetland. It takes a few decades to transform into the dense forest. |
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FIELD 14: ISLAND (NEW EXTERIOR EDGE) “CITY” Degree 3 Size: 17.1ha New outer edge and tourist destination of the park. |
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FIELD 15: PARKING & DEPOT “CITY” Degree 4 Size: 30.0ha Surface parking & depot. Additionally, the following parking methods are prepared. -Residential small plot parking on site -Commercial structured parking on site -On-street parking on local road |
IV CORRIDOR
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CORRIDOR 01: URBAN SPINE “CITY” Degree 4 to 6 Size: 13.6 ha (≒Width 50M x Length 3000M) -Connection of urban FIELD 01 to 05, neighbor city and waterfront -Linear park, circulation & infrastructure spine Functions: Tram root, bike road, pedestrian promenade, planting shades, benches and etc. |
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CORRIDOR 02: RURAL SPINE “CITY” Degree 4 to 5 Size: 6.6 ha (≒ Width 30M x Length 2200M) -Connection of neighbor city to waterfront -Support for exercise ground Functions: Bike road, pedestrian promenade, planting shades, benches, rest rooms and etc. |
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CORRIDOR 03: URBAN TERRACE “CITY” Degree 4 to 5 Size: 6.3 ha (≒ Width 30 M x Length 2500 M) -Connection between Olympic Memorial SQ. and Golf Park -Observatory platform to Natural Wetland Functions: Bike road, pedestrian promenade, planting shades, benches and etc. |
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CORRIDOR 04: PRESERVED RUNWAY “CITY” Degree 5 to 6 Size: 8.1 ha (≒ Width 50 M x Length 1700 M) -Memorial runway for private airplane -Buffer boundary between Housing Block & Natural Wetland |
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CORRIDOR 05: STREAM “CITY” Degree 1.5 to 2.5 -Excavated and regenerated of old streams -Promenade |
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CORRIDOR 06: ELLIPSE LOOP “CITY” Degree 4 to 5 (≒Width 10 M x Length 4500 M) -Bike Road, Pedestrian Promenade Tram, local street & artery run @ the periphery |
V MOVEMENTS
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MOVEMENT 01: BIKE ROAD OR PROMENADE User: Pedestrian & bike Functions: Ellipse Loop, Urban Spine, Rural Spine, Urban Terrace, Stream & Sidewalk of Local Street. Character: Slow & Friendly
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MOVEMENT 02: LOCAL STREET Functions: Vehicular access & service, Pedestrian activity Character: Private/public, slow & safe |
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MOVEMENT 03: LITE RAIL Function: Tram Character: Public, slow & friendly Supports pedestrian activities |
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MOVEMENT 04: HEAVY RAIL Function: Metro (Major access the Site) Character: Public, first & efficient Supports urban activities of Town Center & Convention-Exhibition District |
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MOVEMENT 05: ARTERY Function: Vehicular traffic Character: First & Efficient Runs @ periphery of park concealed basically in the forest |
